Mitigating interference using beamforming

ABSTRACT

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for facilitating mitigation of interference using beamforming techniques are provided. In some embodiments, interference periodicity and interference duration associated with interference of a radar beam are used to determine an extent of time during which a lobe of a communication tower is to be modified in power, direction, or a combination thereof. Upon an occurrence of the extent of time, the lobe of the communication tower is modified in power, direction, or a combination thereof so that the lobe does not interfere with a radar beam emitted from a radar remote from the communication tower.

BRIEF SUMMARY

A high-level overview of various aspects of the invention are providedhere for that reason, to provide an overview of the disclosure, and tointroduce a selection of concepts that are further described in thedetailed-description section below. This summary is not intended toidentify key features or essential features of the claimed subjectmatter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in isolation todetermine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

In brief, and at a high level, this disclosure describes, among otherthings, detecting interference data in association with radars.Utilizing embodiments hereof, interference data are used to mitigateinterference associated with radar beams transmitted by a radar. In thisregard, interference data, such as interference periodicity andinterference duration, are used implement beamforming of communicationtower lobes to avoid interference with radar beams.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described indetail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, andwherein:

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary computing device according to embodiments ofthe present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an exemplary communications environmentsuitable for use in implementing embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3 provides an exemplary illustration of periodic interference in aLTE environment, in accordance with embodiments of the presentinvention;

FIGS. 4A-4C provide exemplary illustrations of beamforming modificationsbased on interference associated with a radar, in accordance withembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary time domain in a LTE environment, inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6 provides an exemplary first method for facilitatingidentification of interference data, in accordance with embodiments ofthe present invention;

FIG. 7 provides an exemplary second method for facilitatingidentification of interference data, in accordance with embodiments ofthe present invention;

FIG. 8 provides an exemplary first method for facilitating modificationof communication tower beams to minimize interference with a radar, inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention; and

FIG. 9 provides an exemplary second method for facilitating modificationof communication tower beams to minimize interference with a radar, inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject matter of the present invention is described withspecificity herein to meet statutory requirements. However, thedescription itself is not intended to limit the scope of this patent.Rather, the inventors have contemplated that the claimed subject mattermight also be embodied in other ways, to include different steps orcombinations of steps similar to the ones described in this document, inconjunction with other present or future technologies. Moreover,although the terms “step” and/or “block” may be used herein to connotedifferent elements of the methods employed, the terms should not beinterpreted as implying any particular order among or between varioussteps herein disclosed unless and except when the order of individualsteps is explicitly described.

Throughout the description of embodiments of the present invention,several acronyms and shorthand notations are used to aid theunderstanding of certain concepts pertaining to the associated methods,systems, and computer-readable media. These acronyms and shorthandnotations are solely intended for the purpose of providing an easymethodology of communicating the ideas expressed herein and are in noway meant to limit the scope of the present invention. The following isa list of these acronyms:

-   -   3G Third-Generation Wireless Technology    -   4G Fourth-Generation Cellular Communication System    -   CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory    -   CDMA Code Division Multiple Access    -   GIS Geographic/Geographical/Geospatial Information System    -   GPRS General Packet Radio Service    -   GSM Global System for Mobile communications    -   iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network    -   DVD Digital Versatile Discs    -   EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory    -   LED Light Emitting Diode    -   LTE Long Term Evolution    -   PC Personal Computer    -   PCS Personal Communications Service    -   PDA Personal Digital Assistant    -   RAM Random Access Memory    -   ROM Read Only Memory    -   TDMA Time Division Multiple Access    -   UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems

Further, various technical terms are used throughout this description.An illustrative resource that fleshes out various aspects of these termscan be found in Newton's Telecom Dictionary, 26th Edition (2011).

Embodiments of the technology may take the form of, among other things:a method, system, or set of instructions embodied on one or morecomputer-readable media. Computer-readable media include both volatileand nonvolatile media, removable and nonremovable media, and contemplatemedia readable by a database, a switch, and various other networkdevices. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable mediacomprise media implemented in any method or technology for storinginformation. Examples of stored information include computer-useableinstructions, data structures, program modules, and other datarepresentations. Media examples include, but are not limited toinformation-delivery media, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or othermemory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile discs (DVD), holographicmedia or other optical disc storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage, and other magnetic storage devices. Thesetechnologies can store data momentarily, temporarily, or permanently.

Referring to the drawings in general, and initially to FIG. 1 inparticular, a block diagram of an illustrative computing deviceaccording to one embodiment is provided and referenced generally by thenumeral 100. Although some components are shown in the singular, theymay be plural. For example, computing device 100 might include multipleprocessors or multiple radios, etc. As illustratively shown, computingdevice 100 includes a bus 110 that directly or indirectly couplesvarious components together including memory 112, a processor 114, apresentation component 116, a radio 117 (if applicable), input/outputports 118, input/output components 120, and a power supply 122.

Memory 112 might take the form of memory components previouslydescribed. Thus, further elaboration will not be provided here, only tosay that memory component 112 can include any type of medium that iscapable of storing information (e.g., a database). A database can be anycollection of records. In one embodiment, memory 112 includes a set ofembodied computer-executable instructions that, when executed,facilitate various aspects disclosed herein. These embodied instructionswill variously be referred to as “instructions” or an “application” forshort.

Processor 114 might actually be multiple processors that receiveinstructions and process them accordingly. Presentation component 116includes the likes of a display, a speaker, as well as other componentsthat can present information (such as a lamp (LED), or even lightedkeyboards).

Numeral 117 represents a radio(s) that facilitates communication with awireless-telecommunications network. Illustrative wirelesstelecommunications technologies include CDMA, GPRS, TDMA, GSM, WiMax,LTE, and the like. In some embodiments, radio 117 might also facilitateother types of wireless communications including Wi-Fi communicationsand GIS communications. As can be appreciated, in various embodiments,radio 117 can be configured to support multiple technologies and/ormultiple radios can be utilized to support a technology or multipletechnologies.

Input/output port 118 might take on a variety of forms. Illustrativeinput/output ports include a USB jack, stereo jack, infrared port,proprietary communications ports, and the like. Input/output components120 include items such as keyboards, microphones, speakers, touchscreens, and any other item usable to directly or indirectly input datainto communications device 100. Power supply 122 includes items such asbatteries, fuel cells, or any other component that can act as a powersource to power communications device 100.

By way of background, radars and communication towers positioned withina proximity of one another can cause interference when operating on asame or similar frequency. In this regard, a communication towertransmitting and/or receiving signals via a particular frequency orrange of frequencies can interfere with data detected at a radaroperating at a similar frequency when the communication tower and theradar are in a similar vicinity. Similarly, a radar operating via aparticular frequency or range of frequencies to transmit and receiveradio waves can interfere with signals communicated from and/or to anearby communication tower. For example, assume that a communicationtower operates using a 2700 megahertz frequency and a radar operatesusing a 2600 megahertz frequency. Further assume that the communicationtower and the radar are positioned within one mile from one another andthat the communication tower is pointing in the direction of or is inthe line of sight of the radar. In such a case, when the communicationtower transmits and/or receives signals, for example from mobiledevices, such signals can interfere with the wave pattern detected bythe radar thereby altering data detected at the radar.

Embodiments of the present invention facilitate detecting interferencedata in association with a radar. In this regard, a communication towercan detect when its signals would interfere with radar beams of a nearbyradar. Such interference data can include, for example, interferenceperiodicity, interference duration, and the like. In embodiments,detection of interference data occurs when a low traffic load exists atthe communication tower. The detected interference data can then be usedto minimize or reduce prospective interference with the radar. Forexample, such interference data can be used to implement a beamformingtechnique applied at the communication device that is designed to avoidinterference between the communication tower and the radar.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention is directed to one ormore computer-readable storage media having computer-executableinstructions embodied thereon that, when executed, perform a method forfacilitating mitigation of interference using beamforming. The methodincludes utilizing interference periodicity and interference durationassociated with interference of a radar beam to determine an extent oftime during which one or more lobes of a communication tower are to bemodified in power, direction, or a combination thereof. The method alsoincludes upon an occurrence of the extent of time, modifying at leastone of the one or more lobes of the communication tower in power,direction, or a combination thereof so that the at least one of the oneor more lobes does not interfere with a radar beam emitted from a radarremote from the communication tower.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed toone or more computer-readable storage media having computer-executableinstructions embodied thereon that, when executed, perform a method forfacilitating mitigation of interference using beamforming. The methodincludes detecting a low traffic load at a communication tower. Themethod also includes calculating interference data during the lowtraffic load, the interference data comprising an interferenceperiodicity and an interference duration that indicate a periodicinterference associated with a radar remote from the communicationtower. The method further includes modifying one or more communicationtower beams in accordance with the interference data indicating theperiodic interference of the radar such that the one or morecommunication tower beams minimize interference with a radar beam fromthe radar.

In yet another aspect, a method for facilitating mitigation ofinterference using beamforming is provided. The method includesrecognizing a set of subframes during which a radar beam emitted from aradar that is remote from a communication tower would be oriented withina coverage area of a lobe of the communication tower. The method alsoincludes applying a beamforming technique in association with the lobeof the communication tower so that the lobe does not interfere with theradar beam during the set of subframes that the radar beam would beoriented within the coverage area of the lobe of the communicationtower.

Turning now to FIG. 2, an exemplary network environment suitable for usein implementing embodiments of the present invention is illustrated anddesignated generally as network environment 200. Network environment 200is but one example of a suitable network environment and is not intendedto suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of theinvention. Neither should the network environment be interpreted ashaving any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combinationof components illustrated.

In the network environment 200, a radar 202 transmits a radar beam 208of radio waves. A radar refers to an object detector that uses radiowaves to determine range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. Inthis way, a radar might be used to detect, by way of example and notlimitation, aircrafts, ships, spacecrafts, missiles, vehicles, weatherformations, terrain, etc., and data associated therewith. In operation,a radar dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio waves or microwaveswhich bounce off objects in the path. The object returns a small part ofthe wave's energy to the radar.

Generally, the radar beam 208 rotates in 360 degrees around the radar202. As such, from the perspective of a nearby communication tower, suchas communication tower 204, the radar 202 performs a periodic scan. Theradar beam 208 of radio waves can rotate or scan at any speed. Forexample, a radar may transmit a beam of radio waves in revolutions ofsix times per minute. Further, the beam width of the radar beam 208 ofradio waves can be any size. For instance, the beam width of the radarbeam 208 might be approximately one degree. In such a case, the radar202 can obtain 360 individual measurements six times per minute. Inembodiments, the radar 202 is operated by or controlled by an entitythat is different or external from the entity that operates or controlsthe communication tower 204. For example, a communication tower might beimplemented and/or owned by a first entity (e.g., wirelesstelecommunications provider) while the radar is implemented and/or ownedby a second entity (e.g., a non-wireless telecommunications provider ora different wireless telecommunications provider). Although the radar202 is described as providing a rotational scan, as can be appreciated,the radar 202 might be non-rotating such that it periodically transmitsa beam of radio waves in a non-rotating manner.

A user device 206 may communicate, for example, with another mobiledevice, a server, or the like using the communication tower 204. Theuser device 206 may take on a variety of forms, such as a personalcomputer (PC), a laptop computer, a tablet, a mobile phone, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), or any other user device that is cable ofcommunicating with other devices. Makers of illustrative devicesinclude, for example, Research in Motion, Creative Technologies Corp.,Samsung, Apple Computer, and the like. A device can include, forexample, a display(s), a power source(s) (e.g., a battery), a datastore(s), a speaker(s), memory, a buffer(s), and the like. Inembodiments, a user device comprises a wireless or mobile device withwhich a wireless telecommunications network is utilized forcommunication (e.g., voice and/or data communication).

In communicating with other devices, signals are transmitted to and/orfrom the communication tower 204 associated with a network. Thecommunication tower 204 refers to a tower that facilitates wirelesscommunication between user devices. Depending on the wirelesscommunication technologies employed by the network, a communicationtower might be referred to as or include a base transceiver station(BTS), a radio base station (RBS), a base station (BS), a node B (in 3Gnetworks), or an eNodeB (in LTE network).

The communication tower 204 may communicate with the user device 206 viaa network(s). A network might be a single network or multiple networks,as well as being a network of networks. In embodiments, network is orincludes a wireless network (e.g., a wireless telecommunicationsnetwork). A wireless telecommunications network refers to any type oftelecommunications network that is wireless. Examples of wirelesstelecommunications technologies include, but are not limited to, GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), CDMA2000, CDMAOne, TimeDivision Multiple Access (TDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), UniversalMobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS), Integrated Digital EnhancedNetwork (iDEN), WiMAX, 3G, 4G, and Personal Communications Service(PCS). In one embodiment, the network is or includes a LTE network. Awireless telecommunications network might include an array of devices.

In operation, the communication tower 204 facilitates avoidinginterference with the radar 202. In this regard, the communication towerdetects interference data in association with the radar 202. Thereafter,such interference data can be used to implement a beamforming mechanismto avoid interference with the radar 202. FIG. 2 illustrates thecommunication tower 204 having an interference manager 210 thatfacilitates avoiding interference with the radar 202. The interferencemanager 210 includes a load detector 212, an interference data detector214, and a beam modifier 216. Interference manager 210 is but oneexample of a suitable environment and is not intended to suggest anylimitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the invention.Neither should the interference manager 300 be interpreted as having anydependency or requirement relating to any one or combination ofcomponents illustrated. For example, functions described as beingperformed by the load detector 212 and the interference data detector214 could be performed by a common component.

Initially, the load detector 212 is configured to detect or monitortraffic load associated with the communication tower 204. Traffic loadrefers to an amount or load of traffic of a particular communicationtower. Traffic can include signals or data being transmitted from orbeing communicated to the communication tower for any number of reasons.In embodiments, the load detector 212 detects or monitors the trafficload of the communication tower.

Traffic load can be detected or monitored in any number of ways. Inembodiments, the load detector 212 can detect or monitor loadcontinuously or periodically (e.g., every 60 seconds). In someembodiments, traffic load might be monitored by way of a noise rise. Anoise rise refers to a noise value above or over thermal noise (i.e.,independent of thermal noise). A higher noise rise value implies moreuser devices are using the communication tower, and a lower noise risevalue implies less user devices are using the communication tower. In anadditional or alternative embodiment, the load detector 212 might detecta total noise level that, for instance, includes thermal noise and noiserise.

Irrespective of the method used for detecting or monitoring trafficload, the traffic load can be tracked over time such that the loaddetector 212 can identify, determine, or detect a low traffic load. Alow traffic load refers to a traffic load that is below a thresholdtraffic load. For instance, a low traffic load might be detected whenthe communication tower 204 detects little to no noise rise, forexample, based on little to no data transmissions to and/or from thecommunication tower. Stated differently, the load detector 212 mightdetect a low traffic load when nearly only thermal noise or backgroundnoise is detected. Such a low traffic load is oftentimes detected duringthe night. In other cases, such a low traffic load might be detectedwhen the communication tower, or a portion thereof, is down formaintenance.

In some embodiments, upon detecting a low traffic load, the loaddetector 212 might initiate the detection of interference data. Forexample, the load detector 212 may notify the interference data detector214 of a low traffic load or otherwise trigger the interference datadetector 214, or other component, to begin detecting interference data.

Although FIG. 2 illustrates a load detector 212 to detect load and/orinitiate the detection of interference data, in some cases, anothercomponent or a technician might initiate the detection of interferencedata. For example, in instances that a communication tower, or portionthereof, is not operating to send and/or receive signals (e.g., down formaintenance), a technician might initiate detection of interferencedata. As another example, a technician might initiate detection ofinterference data at 3:00 a.m. either manually or based on an automaticoccurrence (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, etc.).

The interference data detector 214 is configured to detect interferencedata in association with the radar 202. Interference data, as usedherein, refers to data related to interference associated with a radar.In this regard, interference data corresponds with interference betweena communication tower and a radar. As the radars provide periodic radarbeams, the interference data generally corresponds with periodic data.

To detect interference data, the interference data detector 214 canmonitor signal levels of the communication tower 204 such thatinterference data can be identified therefrom. It is contemplated thatsignal levels to detect interference data are monitored during a lowtraffic load time period (e.g., as identified by the load detector 212of FIG. 2), but embodiments of the invention are not limited to suchimplementations. Detecting interference data during a low traffic loadtime period facilitates acquisition of more accurate interference data.

While a low traffic load is valuable for detecting interference data, ascan be appreciated, in some cases, the communication tower 204 can beused for communications even when signal levels are being monitored todetect interference data without impacting the accuracy of theinterference data. For instance, the communication tower 204 could useor assign resource blocks associated with a frequency range notspecifically being monitored for signal levels. In other words, duringan interference detection time period, the communication tower 204 mightnot assign resource blocks associated with the frequency range for whichit is measuring corresponding signal levels. Resource blocks associatedwith a frequency(s) for which signal levels are not be measured,however, can be assigned. As a result, the communication tower 204 canfacilitate traffic for frequencies not being monitored.

By way of example, and without limitation, assume that a wirelesstelecommunications network associated with a communication toweroperates between 2600 and 2700 megahertz. Further assume that a nearbyradar operates using 2704 megahertz. In such a case, resource blocksassociated with frequencies closer to 2700 megahertz may not be assignedsuch that corresponding signal levels can be more accurately monitored,while resource blocks associated with frequencies closer to 2600megahertz can be assigned to facilitate communications of mobiledevices.

The interference data detector 214 can monitor signal levels for aninterference detection time period. Such an interference detection timeperiod may be any amount of time used to monitor signal levels. In someembodiments, signal levels are monitored for a time duration, such as 60seconds. In such an embodiment, interference can be measured for anynumber of time durations, such as a 60 second time duration every 10minutes or 10 consecutive 60 second time durations. As can beappreciated, such a time duration is generally established to be atleast as long as one complete rotation or scan of a beam from the radar.

In monitoring interference, the interference data detector 214 canmeasure the signal level of a receiver of the communication tower. Insome embodiments, the signal levels associated with a target frequencyrange are measured. A target frequency range refers to a range or spanof frequencies for which signal levels are to be measured and/orinterference data are to be detected. A target frequency range might bethe entire range of frequencies being used by a communication tower or aportion of frequencies being used by a communication tower. In thisregard, an entire frequency range being used by the communication towermight not be interfering with a radar, or vice versa. For instance, onlysignals transmitted and/or received at a higher frequency might bemeasured when the high frequency is the frequency that might interferewith the radar.

In measuring signal levels, various interference data can be measuredand recorded. For example, interference data indicating a magnitude orpower of the signal can be measured or identified, for instance, interms of decibels. In this regard, interference data can include anamplitude of the signal at a certain frequency. As another example ofinterference data, interference data can include the periodicity orreoccurring time period for detecting indications of interference. Inthis way, a periodicity of interference (i.e., interference periodicity)indicates the timing of a radar antenna being aligned with acommunication tower. For instance, a periodicity of ten secondsindicates that every ten seconds a signal is initially detected. Asdescribed in more detail below, such a periodicity can additionally oralternatively be defined by subframes, for example, in a LTEenvironment. In yet another example, interference data can includeinterference duration for a particular wave of signals detected for aninterfering interval. To this end, in a time period during which a radarbeam is aligned with the communication tower, the duration of such atime period can be measured or identified. Again, as described in moredetail below, an interference duration can be additionally oralternatively defined by subframes, for instance, in a LTE environment.As another example, a frequency at which signals are being provided canbe detected. For example, in a LTE environment, a frequency being usedfor signal transmission can be identified based on the resource blocksassociated with a periodic interference. Additionally or alternatively,a number of resource blocks receiving a periodic interference can beidentified as interference data. The examples provided herein are notintended to limit the scope of embodiments of the present invention andany other data can be measured or captured.

To determine such signal levels, in some cases, thermal noise or a noisefloor, such as an average noise floor, during a low traffic time periodcan be compared to the measured signal levels to determine if there isany pattern of reoccurrence to the noise rise. If a pattern is detected,such rises in noise can be identified as a periodic interference or aninterference interval. In accordance therewith, various interferencedata, such as center, amplitude, and duration of each interferinginterval, can be calculated.

In accordance with the reoccurring pattern or upon analysis of theinterference data, a periodic interference can be detected. Forinstance, as resource blocks have not been assigned for datatransmission and a periodic or cyclical detection of signals areidentified, a periodic interference can be recognized. In some cases,the specific resource blocks or quantity of resource blocks associatedwith the periodic interference can also be identified (e.g., theduration and relative amplitude of the interference per resource block).

In some cases, a periodic interference might be determined based on apattern of signals and, thereafter, specific interference data can bedetected in association with interference intervals. In other cases,specific interference data might be determined in association with apattern of signals and, based on such common interference data (e.g.,magnitudes, periodicities, amplitudes, durations, etc.), a periodicinterference can be recognized.

By way of example only, and with reference to FIG. 3, in a LTEenvironment, resource blocks are utilized for data transmissions. Withina LTE carrier bandwidth of 20 MHz 300, for example, the 20 MHz aredivided in chunks or segments of 15 kHz 302A, 302B, 302X. Signals can bedetected in the 15 kHz segments. A resource block, such as resourceblock 304A, comprises 12 consecutive 15 kHz segments, or 180 kHz. Insome embodiments, 20 MHz includes 100 of such resource blocks. Asillustrated with respect to resource block 304X operating near afrequency of 2704, a periodic interference can be detected based on theperiodic nature of the signals captured over time. For each of theinterference intervals, various interference data can be captured suchas, for instance, a periodicity of the interference, an amplitude of theinterference, a duration of the interference, or the like.

Turning now to the beam modifier 216, the beam modifier 216 is directedto modifying beamforming to redirect beams or lobes of the communicationtower 204 to prevent interference with the radar 202. To this end, it iscontemplated that the beam modifier 216 prevents or modifies beamtransmission when the radar beam 208 is oriented in the direction of thecommunication tower 204 beams or lobes. Beamforming (or spatialfiltering) refers to a signal processing technique used to direct orcontrol signal transmission and/or reception.

Generally, a radiation pattern of a communication tower antenna includesa pattern of lobes or beams at various angles and directions. As such, acommunication tower beam or lobe (also referred to as beam or lobe)includes radio waves or signals emitted or received in a particulardirection or angle. As can be appreciated, a communication tower canemit any number of lobes. For example, a communication tower mightsimultaneously emit a single lobe, six lobes, or eight lobes. Further,such lobes can be main lobes, side lobes, or the like. As can beunderstood, the lobes are associated with a radiated signal strength andcan be separated by nulls at which the radiated signal strength falls toor near zero. In aggregate, the lobes may cover any range of space up to360 degrees. For example, in some embodiments, the lobes might span 65degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 360 degrees in the horizontalplane.

Initially, the beam modifier 216 references interference data. Suchinterference data might include, for instance, a periodicity of theinterference, an amplitude of the interference, a duration of theinterference, or the like. The interference data can be referenced byreceiving, retrieving, or otherwise accessing the interference data.

The interference data pertaining to the timing of a periodic externalsource, such as radar 202, can be used by the beam modifier 216 toreduce or prevent interference therewith. In this regard, the beammodifier 216 may utilize the interference data to redirect or control abeam(s) of the communication tower such that it not pointed in thedirection of a periodic radar beam. A communication tower lobe(s) can bemodified in any number of ways to prevent interference with a periodicradar beam. For instance, a beam can be produced in a different angle ordirection in such a manner that the nulls of the beams coincide with theorientation of radar. As another example, in association with a radarbeam pointing in the direction of a communication tower, thecommunication tower lobe might be removed or reduced such that no signal(i.e., radiated signal strength of zero) or a minimized signal istransmitted to avoid interference with the radar beam.

The beam modifier 216 can modify the lobe(s), for example, bycontrolling the geometry, phase, and/or relative amplitude or magnitudeof the signal at the communication tower. By configuring beamforminggeometry, relative magnitude, and phase weightings in association withthe lobe(s), the shape and direction of lobes and nulls can becontrolled. As such, the beam modifier 216 can focus or steertransmission or reception of signals in a particular direction toalleviate interference with a radar beam, such as radar beam 208.

By way of example only, and with reference to FIGS. 4A-4C, a radar 402having a radar beam 404A, 404B, and 404C, respectively, is depicted.FIG. 4A depicts the radar beam 404A positioned in a first direction. Assuch, a beam modifier 216 can modify beamforming of the set of lobes406A such that a null is oriented in the direction of the radar beam404A. As the radar beam moves, the beam modifier 216 modifies the lobesto prevent interference with the radar beam. For instance, asillustrated in FIG. 4B, the radar beam 404B transmitted from the radar402 is positioned in a second direction. As a result, the set of lobes406B are modified such that a null is oriented in the second directionof the radar beam. As illustrated in FIG. 4B, a lobe has been removed(or minimized) from the set of lobes illustrated in FIG. 4A to preventinterference with the radar beam 404B. By comparison, FIG. 4Cillustrates modifying lobe directions to minimize interference with theradar beam 404C by steering the lobes away from the radar beam andthereby steering the power null location in the direction of the radarbeam 404C. As such, a beam modifier 216 can optimize the lobe and nullpower and/or direction to minimize interference with the radar beam.

In operation, to determine a time at which to modify a communicationtower beam(s) or lobe(s), interference data including periodicity can beutilized. To this end, during the time at which a radar beam is expectedto be pointed in the direction of the communication tower, one or morelobes can be adjusted or modified to minimize or prevent interferencewith the radar beam. For example, assume that the periodicity ofdetecting a radar beam is every 10 seconds. In such a case, upon thelapse of a 10 second time duration, the beam modifier 216 can modify thelobes to prevent interference with the radar beam. As described above,such modification can be modifying the power of the lobe(s), modifyingthe direction of the lobe(s), or the like.

Further, as can be appreciated, lobe modification may occur inaccordance with an interference duration. As previously described, aradar beam might be pointed in the direction of the communication towerfor a duration of time (i.e., an interference duration). As such, a lobeor set of lobes might be modified during or throughout the time durationto avoid interference. In some cases, a single modification might beapplied to one or more lobes during the entire time duration. Forinstance, the power of all of the lobes might be minimized during theinterference duration. In other cases, multiple modifications might beapplied to lobes during the interference duration. For example, as aradar beam rotates, in a first portion of the interference timeduration, a first and second lobe might be modified while a third andfourth lobe are not modified. As the radar beam rotates, during a secondportion of the interference time duration, a second and third lobe mightbe modified while the first and fourth lobe are not modified. Continuingwith rotation of the radar beam and a third portion of the interferencetime duration, only the third and fourth lobe might be modified based onthe position of the radar beam. During a final portion of theinterference time duration (i.e., before the radar beam rotates awayfrom the interference coverage of the communication tower), the fourthlobe might be modified while the first, second, and third lobes are notmodified. Based on the periodic nature of the radar beam, suchmodifications to lobe power and/or direction can be repetitive tocontinually align with the periodicity of the radar beam.

In connection with determining a direction and/or power at which tomodify a lobe, other information might be considered. For example,assume a user device positioned at one location is connected to thecommunication tower. In such a case, a particular lobe being modifiedmight be moved in the direction toward the user device, as opposed toaway from the user device, in an effort to maintain signal strengthassociated with the user device.

In a LTE environment, the beam modifier 216 may calculate subframesduring which the radar beam would be oriented in the coverage area ofthe communication tower. As described above, the periodicity of theinterference and the time duration of the interference resulting fromthe radar beam can be used to calculate such subframes. FIG. 5illustrates an exemplary time domain in a LTE environment. In LTE, a tenmillisecond radio frame 502 is divided into ten subframes, for example504A, 504B, and 504X. Each subframe is divided into two slots of 0.5milliseconds, for example, 506A and 506B. A single slot corresponds witha resource block. Such resource blocks can be associated with varyingfrequencies across a LTE carrier bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz). As such,subframes coinciding with a detection of a periodic interference with aradar beam can be identified. Although described with respect to thebeam modifier 216, as can be appreciated, such a calculation can beperformed in association with the interference data detector 214. Forexample, the interference periodicity and/or interference durationdetected by the interference data detector 214 can be measured in termsof subframes.

Upon determining a set of one or more subframes impacted by theinterference of a radar beam, the beam modifier 216 can modify acommunication tower lobe(s) in association with the subframes duringwhich interference is expected. In embodiments, the beam modifier 216can use a pre-coding matrix to create a lobe using beam forming in sucha manner that the nulls of the beam coincide with the orientation of theradar beam. Such a matrix can be used to determine a direction and/orpower for a particular lobe during a set of subframes. For instance,coefficients of the matrix can facilitate determining amplitude andphase of signals input into an antenna(s) that allows for steering thelobe(s). As can be appreciated, analysis for each lobe can be performedto determine the manner in which to manipulate or modify each lobeduring various time intervals (e.g., subframes). For instance, a firstlobe might be modified during a set of subframes 1-4 while a second lobemight be modified during a set of subframes 3-6.

As can be appreciated, in some embodiments, the beam modifier 216 isconfigured to apply the beam forming techniques described above whenresource blocks associated with a frequency or frequency range that mayinterfere with the frequency of the radar 202. In this manner, if afrequency range being used by a communication tower does not interferewith a frequency(s) used by the radar 202, such beam forming techniquesto periodically modify communication tower lobes are not applied.

Although network environment 200 is illustrated with single components,as can be appreciated, the components are scalable and any number ofeach of the components may exist in the network environment. Further,although not illustrated herein, additional components or combination ofcomponents may exist within the network environment 200. While FIG. 2 isgenerally described in relation to a periodic radar, as can beappreciated, any other periodic interfering signals are alsocontemplated in accordance with embodiments described herein. Further,although generally discussing periodic interference, non-periodicinterference could also be assessed and, thereafter, beamformingtechniques described herein could be applied to avoid interference withnon-periodic signals.

Turning now to FIGS. 6-9, methods for identifying interference data andutilizing such data to minimize interference with a remote radar areprovided. In particular, FIGS. 6 and 7 show flow diagrams illustratingmethods to facilitate identifying interference data, in accordance withembodiments of the present invention. FIGS. 8 and 9 show flow diagramsillustrating methods to facilitate modifying beams or lobes of acommunication tower to minimize interference with a radar, in accordancewith embodiments of the present invention. It will be understood bythose of ordinary skill in the art that the order of steps shown in themethod 600 of FIG. 6, method 700 of FIG. 7, method 800 of FIG. 8, andmethod 900 of FIG. 9 are not meant to limit the scope of the presentinvention in any way and, in fact, the steps may occur in a variety ofdifferent sequences within embodiments hereof. Any and all suchvariations, and any combination thereof, are contemplated to be withinthe scope of embodiments of the present invention.

With initial reference to FIG. 6, in embodiments, method 600 can beperformed at a communication tower, such as communication tower 204 ofFIG. 2. More specifically, method 600 might be performed by loaddetector 212 of FIG. 2. Initially, as indicated at block 602, trafficload associated with the communication tower is monitored. At block 604,a low traffic load is detected. In some embodiments, a low traffic loadis detected when the traffic load falls below a traffic load threshold,for example, for a particular period of time. Based on detecting a lowtraffic load, at block 606, detection of interference data is initiated.Detection of interference data might be initiated, for example, byinitiating monitoring of signal levels to identify a periodicinterference pattern.

Turning now to FIG. 7, in embodiments, method 700 can be performed at acommunication tower, such as communication tower 204. In particular,method 700 might be performed by an interference data detector, such asinterference data detector 214 of FIG. 2. Initially, at block 702, anindication to detect interference data is received. In some embodiments,such an indication is received based on an automatic detection ofexistence of a low traffic load. In other cases, such an indication isreceived based on user input, for example, upon a user selection todetect interference data (e.g., when communication tower is beingrepaired). At block 704, signal levels associated with a communicationtower are monitored. As can be appreciated, signal levels can bemonitored for an interference detection time period that can be any timeperiod during which signal levels are monitored. In some embodiments,signal levels are monitored in association with a particular targetfrequency range, for example, 2650 to 2750 MHz.

At block 706, it is determined if a noise rise pattern exists inassociation with the monitored signal levels, or a portion thereof. Insome implementations, a noise rise pattern may be determined when thenoise rise repetitively occurs to an extent beyond a noise floor (e.g.,average thermal noise). As can be appreciated, a pattern threshold valuemay be used to determine whether a noise rise pattern exists. In thisregard, a particular signal level, signal level periodicity, signallevel duration, a number of occurrences of a particular signal level, orthe like may need to attain corresponding threshold values in order tofor a noise rise pattern to be designated. If it is determined that anoise rise pattern does not exist, the method continues to block 704 atwhich signal levels associated with the communication tower aremonitored. On the other hand, if it is determined that a noise risepattern exists in association with the monitored signal levels, aperiodic interference is recognized, as indicated at block 708. At block710, interference data associated with the periodic interference arecalculated. Interference data may include, for example, a signalamplitude, an interference duration, an interference periodicity, andthe like. In some embodiments, various interference data might becalculated in association with block 706 to determine if a noise risepattern exists.

With reference to FIG. 8, in embodiments, method 800 can be performed ata communication tower, such as communication tower 204. In particular,method 800 might be performed by a beam modifier, such as beam modifier216 of FIG. 2. Initially, at block 802, interference data indicatinginterference with a radar beam are referenced. Such interference datamay include, for instance, a signal amplitude, an interference duration,an interference periodicity, and the like. At block 804, an interferenceperiodicity and an interference duration are used to determine an extentof time during which one or more lobes of the communication tower are tobe modified in power and/or direction such that the lobes do notinterfere with a radar beam. Such an extent of time may include any unitof time or number of subframes (e.g., in a LTE environment). During thedetermined extent of time, the one or more lobes of the communicationtower are modified in power and/or direction so that the lobes do notinterfere with the radar beam. This is indicated at block 806. Stateddifferently, during the determined extent of time, the one or more lobesof the communication tower are modified in power and/or direction sothat nulls align with the radar beam. As can be appreciated, each of thelobes may be individually modified in power and/or direction, forexample, for a portion of the determined extent of time. At block 808,it is determined whether a next extent of time exists. In this way, itis determined if another cycle, recurrence, or interval occurrence ofinterference exists. If not, the method returns to block 808 to continuemonitoring when a next extent of time exists. If, however, it isdetermined that a next extent of time exists, the method returns toblock 806 to modify the power and/or direction of the one or more lobesof the communication tower to avoid or minimize interference with theradar beam.

With respect to FIG. 9, in embodiments, method 900 can be performed at acommunication tower, such as communication tower 204. In particular,method 900 might be performed by an interference manager, such asinterference manager 210 of FIG. 2. Initially, as indicated at block902, a low traffic load is detected. Thereafter, at block 904,interference data is detected during the low traffic load time period.In embodiments, such interference data is associated with a periodicinterference of a radar beam. At block 906, one or more communicationtower beams are modified in accordance with the interference dataincluding, for example, an interference periodicity and an interferenceduration. In this way, the beams associated with the communication towerdo not interfere with the radar beams transmitted by a radar remote fromthe communication tower. The communication tower beams may be modifiedin magnitude and/or direction to avoid interference with the radarbeams.

Many different arrangements of the various components depicted, as wellas components not shown, are possible without departing from the scopeof the claims below. Embodiments of our technology have been describedwith the intent to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Alternativeembodiments will become apparent readers of this disclosure after andbecause of reading it. Alternative means of implementing theaforementioned can be completed without departing from the scope of theclaims below. Certain features and subcombinations are of utility andmay be employed without reference to other features and subcombinationsand are contemplated within the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. One or more non-transitory computer-readablestorage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereonthat, when executed, perform a method for facilitating mitigation ofinterference using beamforming, the method comprising: utilizinginterference periodicity and interference duration associated withinterference of a radar beam to determine an extent of time during whichone or more lobes of a communication tower are to be modified in power,direction, or a combination thereof; upon an occurrence of the extent oftime, modifying at least one of the one or more lobes of thecommunication tower in power, direction, or a combination thereof sothat the at least one of the one or more lobes does not interfere with aradar beam emitted from a radar remote from the communication tower. 2.The media of claim 1 further comprising referencing the interferenceperiodicity and the interference duration.
 3. The media of claim 1,wherein the extent of time is measured in units of time.
 4. The media ofclaim 1, wherein the extent of time is measured in subframes.
 5. Themedia of claim 1, wherein the interference periodicity and theinterference duration are determined based on a periodic interferencedetected in association with the radar.
 6. The media of claim 1, whereinthe interference periodicity and the interference duration aredetermined when a low traffic load is recognized.
 7. The media of claim6, wherein the at least one of the one or more lobes are modified suchthat a null align with the radar beam.
 8. One or more non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructionsembodied thereon that, when executed, perform a method for facilitatingmitigation of interference using beamforming, the method comprising:detecting a low traffic load at a communication tower; calculatinginterference data during the low traffic load, the interference datacomprising an interference periodicity and an interference duration thatindicate a periodic interference associated with a radar remote from thecommunication tower; and at a time corresponding to the periodicinterference, modifying one or more communication tower beams inaccordance with the interference data indicating the periodicinterference of the radar such that the one or more communication towerbeams minimize interference with a radar beam from the radar.
 9. Themedia of claim 8, wherein the low traffic load is detected when amonitored traffic load fails to meet a traffic load threshold.
 10. Themedia of claim 8 further comprising monitoring signal levels when thelow traffic load is detected to identify a signal pattern indicating theperiodic interference associated with the radar.
 11. The media of claim10, wherein the signal pattern is analyzed to calculate the interferencedata.
 12. The media of claim 8, wherein the one or more communicationtower beams are modified by modifying a direction in which the one ormore communication tower beams are pointed.
 13. The media of claim 8,wherein the one or more communication tower beams are modified bymodifying a power associated with the one or more communication towerbeams.
 14. The media of claim 8, wherein the one or more communicationtower beams are independently modified to account for the periodicmotion of the radar beam.
 15. A method for facilitating mitigation ofinterference using beamforming, the method comprising: recognizing a setof subframes during which a radar beam emitted from a radar that isremote from a communication tower would be oriented within a coveragearea of one or more lobes of the communication tower; and applying abeamforming technique in association with the one or more lobes of thecommunication tower so that the one or more lobes do not interfere withthe radar beam during the set of subframes that the radar beam would beoriented within the coverage area of the one or more lobes of thecommunication tower.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the method isperformed in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) environment.
 17. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the radar beam and the one or more lobes operate infrequencies that cause interference with one another.
 18. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the beamforming technique comprises generating oraltering a direction of the one or more lobes of the communicationtower.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the beamforming techniquecomprises generating or altering a power associated with the one or morelobes of the communication tower.
 20. The method of claim 15, whereinthe orientation of the radar beam being within the coverage area of theone or more lobes of the communication tower occurs periodically.